Process of photosculpture.



No. 647,608. Patented Apr. l7, I900. B. PIETZNER.

PROCESS OF PHOTOSGULPTURE.

(Application filed Dec. 19, 1899) No Model.)

.two measurements only.

iliri'rnp Stains FFICE.

PROCESS OF PHOTOSCU LPTU PIE.

SIPEGIFIGA'IION forming part of Letters Patent No. 647,608, dated April17,

Application filed Dacemliorli), 1899. Serial No. 740,881.

licit known that 1', CA RL Pm'rzusu, a subject of the Emperor ofAustriaIlungaiy, rcsiding at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Processes for the PlasticImitation of Natural Objects by Means of Photography,ol' wh ich thefollowing is a specification.

My invention has relation to a method or process wherebyplasticimitations or reproductions of natural objects may be seen red throughthe instrumentality of photography, and in such connection it relatesmore pan ticularly to the steps or operations constituti mg the process.

.licretofore it was known that roprod notions of natura'eobjccts couldbe secured by transl'crring the outlines of the object to the reproduction by suitable mechanism of a pantographic nature and in whichcertain points were found and reproduced one by one. This method ofreproduction has the advantage that special skill is not necessary inthe production provided asu llicicnt nu mberof points or dots areselected and set oil. in the rcproduction. This method of reproducingupon plain surl'accs is simple, inasmuch as the position of each pointor dot can be fixed from When, however, it is sought to adapt thismethod or system to the reproduction of objects in relief, it is foundthatthrcc measurements must be taken and transferred to ascertain eachpoint or dot. As a consequence, in'the reproductions of objects inrelief this pantographic method is not onlyslowand tedious to theartist, but it is fatiguing to the human sitter, who must attend duringrepeated and prolonged sittings. The process is also inaccurate, bccauseit is practically impossible to place the sitter or other object inexactly the same position at successive sittings. the inconveniences ofthe pantographic method it has been suggested that rccourse be had tophotography in order that a series 01" photographs of the object may beproduced to form records from which by means 0fcompasses, pantographs,or other s'uitablc mechanism the reproduction may be made onthe same oron either enlarged or reduced scales. it has also been suggested thatthe record of the article be photographed upon he maout with thataccuracy As a result of.

(No specimens.

tcrial from which the reproduction is to be made. But both of thesephotographic pr0cesses, it has been found, cannot be carried orexactitude which is necessary, and they also either deprive the artistof his individuality or else give him very little and inferiorassistance.

The principal object o! my invention is to provide a process or methodwhereby the plastic reproduction or imitation of objects and livingbeings may be obtained through the instrnmentaiity of photography; andto this end my invention consists, primarily, in first photographing themodel and at the same time photographing the scales of measurements, soas to produce said scales of measurements at an angle of ninety degreesupon the photographs of the model; second, in (iividing thcphotographsol the model bymeans of parallel lines extending from the divisions onsaid scales, and, finally, reproducing the model by reproduction of thepoints ascertained by the ordinates, said measurements beingtransferredto the model by means of equivalent i-ncasuroments on a frame similarlylocated with respect to the model, as are the scales of measurementswith respect to the photographic reproduction; secondaril y, in firstjillOt0gl't'lplllllg graduated measurementdiars placed in relation tothe object or body to be reproduced; second, completing said photographsby forming thereon a network of lines passing through the photographicreproductions of said graduated measurement-hars to thereby ascertainthe relative distances of any point from the fixed data-linesrepresented by said bars, and, finally, setting 011' said distances onthe model or plastic reproductionblank by means of measurements fromequivalent bars eqniva- .lently placed with regard to said model orblank, and, lastly, in first taking photographs of the object or bodyand of graduated measurement-bars placed two in the form of a crossbelow the objectand two parallelthereto in the form of a 0nd, completingsaid photographs by forming thereon a photographic reproduction of anetwork of "lines passing through the phot0- graphic reproductions ofthe graduated measu roment-bars to thereby ascertain the rolati vodistance of any point from the fixed datacross above the object; see Ilines represented by said bars, and, finally, setting olt said distanceson the modeler plastic reproduction-blank by means of measurements fromequivalent bars equivalently placed with regard to said model or blank.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood fromthe following description, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof,

I0 in which- I Figure l is a top orx plan view illustrating in diagramthe arrangement of the necessaryparts and apparatus for successfullycarrying out the process of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view, partly inrear elevation and partly in plan, illustrating in diagram the firststep in the process, the portions in rear elevation illustrating thephotographic reproduction of the object and the graduatedmeasurementbars and the portion in plan illustrating the position of theobject and of the photographic instrument for taking the reproduction.Fig.

' 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating the means whereby themeasurements in Fig. 2

z 5 are transferred to the model or plastic reproduction-blank. Fig. 4is a front elevational view of the network slide to be inserted in thecamera. Fig. 5 is afront elevational view of one. of the photographicreproductions of 3c the object and of the n'etwork. Figs. 6, 7, and 8are similar views of other photographic reproductions, the meshes of thenetwork beingmore widely separated or spaced, and

. Fig.9 is a perspective view illustrating in perspective a modifiedform of the apparatus in which the object may be photographed in fourpositions simultaneously.

. Referring to the drawings, 0 represents the object to be reproduced,which is placed on 40 a turn-table arranged within a square a I: c ,(land having its center at the point where the diagonals a e and b (1cross.. The square is surrounded by a ring or circular wall. The camerase', f, g, and It for taking the photo'- graphs are arranged at pointsequidistant from the center of the object on prolongations of thediagonals a c and Z) (l, as indicated in Fig. 1, and at a heightapproximately level with the middle of the height of the object. \Vhenthe photographs are taken singly or the two opposite photographs aretaken at v the sametime by cameras e and g,-a vertical bar is placed onthe right'and another on the left of the object at I; andd, Fig. 1,these 5 5- bars being connec ted at the -top by a crosspicce t' 75,Figs. 2 and 3. lVhen the photographs are taken, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and8,-these bars will be reproduced in each of the photosome of thephotographs.

Fig. 9

'showujupon the cross-bars,"

parts.

and it is therefore advisable to be provided with several bars ofdifferent heights. They should be also arranged to be adjustable inheight. If, however, all the four photographs are to be taken at thesame time, the vertical bars aforesaid cover a part of the object in 7Therefore instead of using such bars bars in the form of a cross aresecurely fastened above the object and corresponding'in situation withthe diagonal cross-bars below the object, which latter are also providedwith graduated measurements which will be reproduced in the photographs,

When the 'photog are made in the desired sirle in the usual manner; butwhereas in the. already known processes such photographs have no meansin themselves of givingzero-poijnts from which measurements may be takenthe copies made by the present process are provided with such meanswhich is afforded by the reproduction of the bars or theirmeasurements]; As aforesaid, the photographs maype covered with suitablecross-lines by joining the points of the measurements asre'prqtlucedthercin in any suitable manner. If all the four photographsare taken at the same/time and there are no yertical' divisionsohlhe'pic'tute, the

latter are set out according; to the divisions {this reproduction ofnetwork of lines is essential. and can be effected by photography,vitdesiredpbeing done by photographing the-(network of lines made insuitable proportions or by using be sides, as aforesaid, cross-bars alsoa network of lines with divisions in the form of a screen, Fig. 4, inthe dark slide of the camera. The photograph is best made tosomqexactscaleas, for instance, in the proportions. of one to 'iive-asthis facilitates the calculation. If

at any spot the graduated measurements should be covered in the pietu reby some portion of the model, they can easily be completed by referenceto the next corresponding divisions which are visible, in the picture.For reproducing the object clay, gypsum, or any other suitable materialin the form of a block, Fig. 3,.which is somewhat larger in eachdirection than the model to be reproduced, is put in the middle of theturn-table, where the original formerly Stood. Then a se 0nd cross-barframe, with measurement di sions, is put above the rough block, so as todivide the model in plan into four equal This frame exactly correspondswith the original frame; but in regard to its size and the dimensions ofits divisions of measurement it is either equal or larger or smaller,

raphs are taken, prints the aforesaid method of finding the differentpoints corresponding in the model to the various points in the outlinesof the photographs, superfluous material of the block being removed, sothat the outlines of the corresponding photographs appear as theoutlines of the block. Such outlines beingin two planes perpendicular toone another, for the formation of the block between these planes therequired points of the model are ascertained from the pictures providedwith the network divisions, and the ordinants thus obtained aretransferred by the known process of dotting or pointing to the modelfrom two or three sides, respectively, superfluous material beingremoved in any suitable manner-for example, by use of knives, gravers,routing-out machines, and the like. The ordinates are easily taken fromthe pictures, since they may be directlyread, and are indicated on thedivisions of the frame both for height,breadth, and depth, so that theycorrespond exactly with that of the natural object. After the situationof the more prominent points has been thus fixed the-model can befinished by rounding oil the material between the points so found.

If in certain situations a point should not be visible from both sides,secondary photographs oan be taken at suitable angles, and in workingout ordinates to find the position of the relative points on the modelthe angle at which the photograph is taken must be taken into account.

It facilitates the work to make the first reproduction of the originalof the photographs, together with their graduated measurements thereon,in the size in which imitation is to be made. It is then more easy tocorrect the outline by cutting out the contours in the two otherdirections. Such means can also be used for more speedily arriving-atthe formation ofthe exterior outlines.

Having thus described the nature and ob jects of my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by-Letters Patent, is-

1. An improved process for the plastic imi-. tation or reproduction ofobjects and living beings on any desired scale of enlargement orreduction, consisting in first taking photographs of the model to bereproduced and photographs at the same time of the scales of measurementwhich will be reproduced at an angle of ninety degrees upon suchphotolarly located with regard to the model.

2. A process for plastic reproduction of ob-v jects and living bodies bymeans of photography, consisting first in taking photographs ofgraduated measurement-bars placed in relation to said object or body andcompleting I said photographs, then forming thereon a network of linespassing through the photographic reproductions of the graduatedmeasurementbars for ascertaining the relative distances of any pointfrom the fixed datalines represented by said bars and finally settingoff said distances on the model or plastic reproduction-blanks by meansof measurements from equivalent bars equivalently placed with regard tosaid model or plastic reproduction-blank.

3. A process for plastic reproduction of ob jects and living bodies bymeans of photography, consisting first in taking photographs of saidobject or body and 01 graduated measurement-bars placed two in the formof a cross below the object and two parallel thereto in across above theobject or body, then completing said photographs by forming thereon anetwork of lines passing through the photographic reproductions of thegrad uated measurement-bars for ascertaining the relative distance ofany point from the fixed data-lines represeu ted by said bars,andfinally setting off said distances on the model or reproduccd blank bymeans of measurements from equivalent harp eqnivalcntlyplaced withregard to the plastic reproductiomblank.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CARL PIETZNICR.

W itnesses:

ALVESTO S. Ilounn, AUuUs'r Fur-unit.

